Microglial States Trend 2026

Microglia are the brain’s resident immune cells, shifting between distinct functional states—from surveillant to reactive to phagocytic—in response to injury or disease. Researchers use these state profiles to map neuroinflammation, identify therapeutic targets, and track disease progression. Ultimately, neuroscientists, drug developers, and clinicians benefit from better diagnostics and treatments for Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and other neurological conditions.