In traffic safety analysis, surrogate safety metrics are non-crash indicators like Time-to-Collision and Post-Encroachment Time. They measure the severity and frequency of near-misses, allowing engineers to proactively identify hazardous road designs before actual collisions occur. Used in simulation and field studies, these metrics benefit urban planners, transportation agencies, and autonomous vehicle developers by providing objective, data-driven insights to enhance road safety for all users.
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